Risālah fī Iḍāfat Shahr Ramaḍān (A Treatise on the Annexation of the Month of Ramadan) By Shihāb al-Dīn al-Khafājī (d. 1069 AH)
This article presents a critical edition and analytical study of a short treatise by Shihāb al-Dīn al-Khafājī (d. 1069 AH) entitled Risālah fī Iḍāfat Shahr Ramaḍān (On the Annexation of the Month of Ramadan). In this treatise, al-Khafājī examines several linguistic and grammatical issues related to the use of the expression Shahr Ramaḍān, including the lexical meaning of Ramaḍān, its plural forms, the origins of its religious designation, and its usage before and after Islam. Al-Khafājī argues that Ramaḍān functions as a proper noun denoting the entire month, whereas the annexed form Shahr Ramaḍān allows for semantic variation, indicating either the whole or part of the month, depending on contextual usage. He further maintains that this type of annexation is not restricted to specific months, such as Rabīʿ al-Awwal, Rabīʿ al-Thānī, or Ramaḍān, but is grammatically permissible with all months. This permissibility, he contends, is grounded in functional semantic value rather than subjective linguistic intuition. Prior to the critical edition, the study offers a descriptive–analytical introduction addressing al-Khafājī’s scholarly profile, the subject matter of the treatise, its methodological framework, sources, evidentiary practices, and its contribution to discussions on annexation in Arabic grammar. The article also documents the attribution of the treatise, outlines the editorial methodology, and describes the manuscript used for the edition. The principal outcome of this research is the publication of this treatise in a verified scholarly form, thereby making it accessible for academic study and contributing to the preservation and dissemination of al-Khafājī’s linguistic heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Arabic Sciences
The Dialectic of Artifice and Emotion in al-Tihami’s Panegyric of Abu al- Mani: A Stylistic Study
This stylistic study seeks to uncover the dialectic of artifice and emotion in al-Tihami’s panegyric of Abu al-Mani, through a rhetorical and aesthetic reading based on an analysis of six interrelated structural levels: the poetic lexicon, syntactic and rhythmic structure, figurative imagery, discursive structure, emotional manifestations, and finally the interpretive psychological structure, as the highest level at which all textual elements intersect. The significance of the study lies in proposing a new approach to al-Tihami’s panegyric, viewing it as a multi-layered aesthetic discourse rather than merely a linguistic structure or a direct emotional response. This perspective reveals the capacity of classical poetry to articulate a complex emotional vision and an advanced artistic consciousness. The study concludes that al-Tihami succeeds in harmonizing the precision of artifice with the intensity of emotion within a unified poetic fabric, where the selective deployment of lexical fields intertwines with emotional energy, and affective tension is organized through a disciplined syntactic architecture, while figurative imagery becomes a tool for exploring the inner self prior to representing the outer world. The findings further demonstrate that al-Tihami’s panegyric discourse embeds an underlying argumentative and psychological dimension that opens the text to semantic levels transcending its immediate structure. Accordingly, the praised figure emerges as a symbol of protection and equilibrium rather than a specific historical individual. The study affirms that the dialectic of artifice and emotion constitutes an intrinsic structural principle in this text, endowing it with a paradigmatic value that can contribute to the development of aesthetic approaches to classical poetic texts.
: artifice, emotion, rhythm, imagery, discourse
Unusual Nominal Patterns in Arabic: A Morphophonological Study of Selected Forms
This study investigates a selection of unusual nominal patterns in Arabic, namely faʿyal, faʿnūl, fuʿʿīl, fuʿallin, mufʿūl, and faʿfaʿīl, through a combined morphological and phonological perspective. It seeks to examine the reasons behind labeling these patterns as gharīb (unusual), as well as the implications of scholarly disagreement concerning their classification. The significance of the study lies in the central role of morphological judgments in regulating linguistic usage, as such judgments determine the acceptability or rejection of specific patterns within the language. Adopting a descriptive–analytical methodology, the study examines classical linguistic sources and analyzes scholarly positions regarding the degree to which these patterns may be considered unusual. The findings indicate that the characterization of a nominal pattern as unusual may result from disagreement over its derivational origin, its association with obsolete or abandoned patterns in Arabic, its emergence through lexical borrowing from other languages, or its transformation due to phonological processes such as assimilation, dissimilation, or vowel harmony. The study also concludes that the limited number of lexical items attested for unusual patterns correlates with the semantic markedness and strangeness of their meanings.
nominal pattern; unusual (gharīb); phonology; derivation; augmentation.
The Structure of Place in the Poetry of Mohammed Abdul Qadir Faqih
Place constitutes a fundamental element in literary discourse. While it has traditionally been examined as a key narrative technique in fiction, poets have likewise accorded it a central role in poetic expression due to its profound and intrinsic relationship with human experience in general and with the poet in particular. In poetry, place transcends its purely geographical or spatial dimensions; once it enters the realm of artistic creation, it becomes an aesthetic construct shaped by poetic imagination and artistically employed by the poet. This study seeks to explore the poetics and aesthetics of place in the poetry of Mohammed Abdul Qadir Faqih, demonstrating how spatial representation functions as a medium through which the poet articulates his intellectual, cultural, and social positions. The research is structured into an introduction, a theoretical prelude, three analytical sections, and a conclusion. The prelude establishes the theoretical framework by introducing the poet and outlining the concept of place in literary studies.The structure of place in Faqih’s poetry is examined through three interrelated dimensions: spatial patterns, mechanisms of spatial employment, and the artistic formation of place. The study concludes by presenting its most significant findings concerning the aesthetic and functional roles of place in shaping Faqih’s poetic experience.
place; poetry; Mohammed Abdul Qadir Faqih; spatial patterns; mechanisms of spatial employment; artistic formation
يتناول البحث بنية المكان في شعر محمد حسن فقيه
Dr. Alshaimaa bint Mohammed Abdullah Al-Farhoud
Some words in Arabic have special connotations that distinguish them from other words that are close to them in meaning and are similar in derivation. Linguists have explained this by saying that these words are a branch in pronunciation of the words from which they were derived. Likewise, there are grammatical factors that are limited and restricted by conditions in their knowledge from other factors that are similar to them Linguists have explained this by saying that these words are a branch in pronunciation of the words from which they are derived. Likewise, there are grammatical factors that are limited and restricted by conditions in their knowledge compared to similar factors. Grammarians have explained this by their being a branch in function. This research has collected these words and factors, expanded on them, and mentioned the reason for the specificity of usage and the weakness of the factors. This research has demonstrated the precision of observation that distinguished linguists as they followed the Arabs’ use of their vocabulary. The research also distinguished the logical reasoning of grammarians, by attempting to explain every action and weakness in the action.
branch، origin، language، cause، Sub- branch
Pause by Substitution in Arabic A Phonetic Investigative Study among Ancient and Modern Scholars
This research revolves around a linguistic phenomenon in Arabic pause patterns, known as “pause by substitution”. Although it is a noteworthy phonetic phenomenon deserving of study and analysis, researchers have not given it due attention. What has been mentioned so far are either passing references or limited pieces of information within broader discussions on pausing in general or within the field of Qur’anic pause studies. Accordingly, this research attempts to investigate this phenomenon thoroughly, examining the contexts in which it was mentioned, analyzing related commentaries, and reviewing both poetic and prose examples, as well as relevant Qur’anic readings that support the existence of this phenomenon. The study also examines the views of scholars critically and compares various pieces of evidence and opinions. Ultimately, it aims to determine whether “pause by substitution” is a necessary and forced occurrence or a linguistic feature rooted in Arabic dialects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Arabic Sciences
Linguistic Links in the Satirical Discourse of Al-Jahiz's Letters (d. 255 AH): A Textual Study
This study investigates Al-Jahiz’s satirical discourse, focusing on the linguistic connections that shape his texts into coherent and dynamic structures. These connections—grammatical, lexical, referential, and pragmatic—function not only as syntactic devices but as central mechanisms that govern meaning and reveal an early textual awareness, making discourse an integrated entity alive with vitality. The research is structured in three stages: an introduction emphasizing the significance of conjunctions in linguistic studies; a first section outlining the conceptual and methodological framework; and a second section analyzing conjunctions in Al-Jahiz’s satire. The third section highlights the aesthetic and rhetorical functions of these connections. The analysis demonstrates that Al-Jahiz’s discourse is rich in pronouns, conjunctions, conditionals, and repetitions, and is further characterized by synonymy, antithesis, and allusion, reflecting dialectical energy and cultural depth. The findings reveal that such connections form the backbone of Al-Jahiz’s texts, serving both as argumentative tools to support his ideas and as rhetorical strategies to express irony and sarcasm. The study also shows how the notion of “text” shifted from being viewed in Arab heritage as self-contained speech to becoming, a major semantic unit. Al-Jahiz emerges as a pioneer in bridging rhetorical tradition with structural awareness of the text. Numerical statistics further reinforced these conclusions, confirming the centrality of linguistic connections in his satirical discourse.
Alʼbbdhī's position as interpreted by others from Sībawayh's words in his commentary on Aljuzūlīyah (presentation and comparison)
Research Topic: This research focuses on the interpretation provided by Al-Abadhi of Sibawayh's texts in his commentary on Al-Jazooliyyah. The research aims to examine the instances of Sibawayh's texts that Al-Abadhi interpreted in his commentary on Al-Jazooliyyah, explore the reasons that led him to interpret Sibawayh's statements, clarify the ambiguities in them, the potential implications of misunderstanding them, and analyze Al-Abadhi's stance towards Sibawayh's opinion after interpreting his words. Findings: The research highlighted the high regard Al-Abadhi had for the great scholar Sibawayh, as evidenced by his attention to analyzing his statements, striving to understand his intentions, and uncovering the true meaning of his views. Several reasons are identified for Al-Abadhi's interpretation of Sibawayh's texts, including clarifying the statement to prevent misinterpretation, addressing opinions held by grammarians, rejecting some views attributed to Sibawayh, and critiquing his wording. It was also revealed that one of the main reasons for the disagreements among grammarians in understanding Sibawayh’s text was the ambiguity in his phrasing, which led to varying interpretations. Al-Abadhi’s approach was that any ambiguous statements should be interpreted according to the most accurate possible meaning. He often sided with Sibawayh’s opinions in most cases, although he occasionally criticized or disagreed with him on a few minor points.
Sibawayh's statements in the commentary on Al-Jazooliyyah
Repetition of the Noun in Its Exact Form Its Purposes and Effects with a Detailed Grammatical Study
The research addresses instances of the repetition of the noun in its wording, clarifies its purposes and effects, and includes a grammatical study of such cases. It also presents various views of grammarians, discusses them, and evaluates whether the repetition is considered offensive, necessary, or acceptable. It also highlights points of disagreement and agreement among scholars. The study concludes that repetition permits what singular usage does not. In addition, it necessitates the omission of the governing word (ʻāmil) in certain contexts, and that some words occur only when repeated, as their standard usage requires repetition. It also recommends further research into verb repetition, as it presents new linguistic issues worth exploring.
Dr. HASSAN IBN NOOR IBN ABDULQADER BATWA
The Formation of Rhythmic and Prosodic Terminology following the Emergence of the Free Verse Movement: A critical study
This critical study examines development of rhythmic and prosodic terminology after the emergence of the Free Verse Movement, targeting the interaction of learners with the prosodic and rhythmic regeneration caused by the Free Verse Movement; To start developing theoretical frameworks, including terms and concepts, this means that methodologically, the study is grounded in analytical reading and reception theory. The study concludes That poetic freedom gave rise to new rhythmic and prosodic terms which emerged within a broader shift in musical forms. This shift necessitates a fresh reassessment of traditional prosodic terminology by modern scholars.
The Surnames of Saudi Families: A Syntactic Study of the Problems of Titling and Inflection
This study addresses the syntactic features that are inconsistent with the Standard Arabic in the use of surnames by contemporary Saudi families, whether the surnames appear in conjunction with given names or independently. It seeks to solve their problems according to the rules of classical Arabic syntax and grammar, as a contribution to standardizing and refining the colloquial language and narrowing the gap between it and the Standard Arabic language. This study is divided into two parts: the first part discusses the problems of inconsistency of surnames with their original form, their improper use in the Standard Arabic language, or the addition of definite article “Al” to these surnames. As for the s part, -it discusses the problems related to the grammatical inflection when surnames occur with given names in the same context or whose wordings were reported without changes. The study concludes that certain surname usages among Saudi families conform to Standard Arabic or can be interpreted in ways consistent with it, while others deviate from standard norms and cannot be justified, or can only be explained through weak grammatical interpretations.
The Mysterious Man Who Demands Clarity from the World: The Semiotics of Anxiety and Tension in Al Muthaqqib Al Abdi’s Nouniyya (535–587 CE-6th Century)
This study examines the poem al-Nūniyyah by al-Muthaqqib al-ʿAbdī through the lens of semiotics of passions, following the framework of Greimas and Fontanille. Using a descriptive–analytical approach, it investigates how emotional states are semiotically encoded in the poem and revealed through its linguistic structures. The findings show that the poem is governed by a persistent and intense passion rooted in the poet’s personal suffering. This emotional energy shapes the text’s semiotic organization—its imagery, tone, and progression—and demonstrates persuasive power capable of influencing perception and judgment, consistent with Aristotle’s view that emotion drives human behavior and thought. The research recommends wider application of semiotic analysis to Arabic poetry to uncover deep affective patterns and enrich critical understanding of emotional expression in classical literary texts.
Linguistic Recall in Qur'anic Discourse by Non-Arabs. A Comparative Study of Linguistic Commonality
The Qur’an contains texts in the Arabic language, which in fact were transmitted from the language of non-Arabs, and which were assumed to contain some features of the original languages ​​from which they were transmitted, which is considered a type of linguistic recall. This was aided by the fact that these languages ​​belong to the Semitic or Hamitic languages ​​at the latest, to which Arabic belongs, and shares many of its features with its sister languages. The research asked whether the Qur’anic texts that were transmitted from the language of non-Arabs included linguistic features that were consistent with the language of the original people from whom they were transmitted, in what can be considered a type of linguistic recall? If this assumption is correct, what are the manifestations of this recall? The research sought to answer this question to identify the manifestations of linguistic recall specific to the languages ​​of the peoples mentioned in the Holy Quran. Although linguists have talked about the precise meanings of most of the words of the Holy Quran, the connection between the meanings of words in the language of non-Arabs and the languages ​​of the peoples who spoke them does not go beyond being indications, most of which trace the words of the Holy Quran back to those languages and judge them as foreign or Arabized. The research relied on a descriptive, analytical, comparative approach in studying the manifestations of linguistic recall of the Quranic discourse in the language of non-Arabs. The research worked to clarify the concept of linguistic recall and discourse within the requirements of the research, to determine the identity of the addressees and the addressed in the Quranic discourse in the language of Arabs, the languages ​​to which they belong and the nature of these languages, the extent of their closeness to Arabic, to clarify some manifestations of linguistic invocation of the Quranic discourse in the language of non-Arabs, by way of example. The research concluded with results including the existence of a large number of words that can be considered a type of linguistic recall based on their frequent use. In other languages ​​and their lack of use in Arabic, most of these words were the subject of controversy among linguists and commentators, and many of them even ruled them as foreign. The research recommends looking at the elements of the discourse and refuting them in terms of the message, the speaker, the recipient, and the means of communication, and that we try to understand the Holy Qur’an based on this thought.
Linguistic recall, Qur'anic discourse, origin of languages, Semitic languages, cognates, Foreign words in the Qur'an
Bedouin Narrators in (Gharib al-Hadith "A Lexicon of Rare Hadith Expressions", by Abu Ubaid (770–838 / 154–224 AH): A Study of Transmission and Impact
This research addresses an important issue in the documentation of the Arabic language and classification of its dictionaries, namely the narrations of Arab narrators Gharib al‑Hadith "A Lexicon of Rare Hadith Expressions" by Abu Ubaid (770–838 / 154–224 AH): The research begins from the observation that Abu Ubaid, in his interpretation of obscure hadith vocabulary, occasionally relied on reports transmitted by Arab Bedouin narrators. Accordingly, the study examines these narrations and their impact. This research presents the role of Arab Bedouin narrators in Gharib al‑Hadith, Abu Ubaid’s methodology in citing their linguistic reports, his stance toward them, and the varying levels of linguistic value in their narrations. This research concludes that Abu Ubaid accorded these narrations significant weight, generally accepting and relying upon them except in rare cases. Moreover, these narrations proved especially valuable at the semantic and lexical levels, surpassing their contribution to other linguistic dimensions.
Language Anxiety in Second Language Learning: A Theoretical Analysis and Pedagogical Approaches
Language anxiety is a significant psychological factor that hinders second language acquisition by affecting self-confidence and causing fear of language use. This study explores the effects of language anxiety on second language learners and examines strategies to mitigate its effects. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study analyzes language anxiety within the framework of three psychological linguistic theories: the Affective Filter Hypothesis, the Interaction Hypothesis, and the Sociocultural Theory. By reviewing previous relevant literature, the study identifies the main factors contributing to language anxiety and the most effective strategies for addressing it. The findings indicate that language anxiety negatively influences linguistic and communicative competence, making language learning more challenging. However, supportive learning environments, social interaction, and well-structured pedagogical strategies play a crucial role in reducing anxiety and enhancing learners' confidence. The study recommends implementing interactive teaching methods such as group work and discussions to create an engaging and low-anxiety learning environment, ultimately improving language proficiency among second language learners.
Presupposition in the Poetry Collection "Kha'inat al-Shabah" [The Traitor of Resemblance] by Hassan Al-Salhabi: A Pragmatic Study
This study aims to explore the presuppositions and identify their types in the diwan (poetry collection) Kha'inat Al-Shabah [The Traitor of Resemblance] by the Saudi poet Hassan Al-Salhabiin order to analyzing them pragmatically. Given the nature of the topic, the study is organized three preparatory parts and five analytical sections. The introduction addresses the study's objectives, research problem, methodology, and structure, as well as literature review. The preface discusses the concept of presupposition, its definition in pragmatics, and its classification. The core of the study consists of five analytical sections: the existential presupposition; the factual presupposition; the lexical presupposition; the structural presupposition; and the non-factual presupposition. The conclusion then presents the study's findings, followed by a list of sources and references. The results reveal that existential presupposition was the most prevalent type of presupposition in the poet's texts, due to the dominant linguistic nature of its tools, such as annexation and definiteness, which appear in nearly every verse or poetic passage. Furthermore, place emerges as a central axis in the poet's diwan, and thus, most of the structural presuppositions embedded in interrogative devices lie in the interrogative tool "where," which is used to inquire about place.
Abu Hayyan’s Morphological Comparisons in Al-Tadhyil wa Al-Takmil (Supplement and Completion) between Ibn Malik’s Al-Tashil (The Book of Facilitation) and His Two Works: Sharh Al-Kafiyah (Commentary on al-Kafiyah) and Ijaz Al-Tarif (The Concise Definition)
This research highlights the morphological comparisons presented by Abi Ḥayyan in his work al-Tadhyil wa Al-Takmil (Supplement and Completion). In these comparisons, Abi Ḥayyān critically examined Ibn Malik’s Al-Tashil (The Book of Facilitation) alongside his two other works, Sharh Al-Kafiyah (Commentary on al-Kafiyah) and Ijaz Al-Ta'rif (The Concise Definition). These comparisons reveal Abi Hyyan’s intellectual sharpness and critical acumen. His analyses varied: at times, he pointed out contradictions in Ibn Malik’s statements; at other times, he preferred one expression over another, praised a particular phrasing in one of his works, or provided critical and corrective remarks on Ibn Malik’s views. One of the key findings of this study is that the existence of multiple versions of Sharh Al-Kafiyah Al-Shafiyah and Al-Tashil contributed to textual variations in Ibn Malik’s writings. It also became evident that Ibn Malik expressed his ideas using different linguistic styles while maintaining the same underlying meaning. Furthermore, Abi Hyyan emerges as a model of the critical scholar who did not merely transmit and accept views unquestioningly; rather, he employed his extensive knowledge to analyze and evaluate Ibn Malik’s opinions.
(Camels) in the Constructed Examples of Grammarians: A Study of the Example in the Grammatical craft and its Social Impact
The grammarians’ use of the term “camels” (al-ibil) and its gender-specific names (nāqah, baʿīr, and jamal) in their examples across various grammatical contexts reflects different social situations. As examples represent the practical application of grammatical theorization and naming the year 2024 as the “Year of the Camel” highlights its significance in Arab culture and serves as a motivation to advance research in this field The study analyzes and examines grammatical examples involving camels, distinguishing those that conform to the rules from those that deviate. It also clarifies their impact on the art of grammar, how effectively they served the purpose for which they were created or the extent to which they fulfill their intended purpose, and how they aided grammarians in clarifying and simplifying rules, making them more accessible to the learners while also reflecting their social life. The examples thus function as a unique dual-purpose tool: one side representing grammatical rules, and the other serving as a reflection of society and the era in which they were crafted. One of the most notable findings is the grammarians’ attention to invoking the term “camels” in many grammatical contexts, thereby linking grammatical rules to social life through examples and employing this connection effectively in grammatical studies. This resulted in a vivid and clear image for the learner, making the examples dynamic and far from being dry or symbolic. It also demonstrated the enduring relevance of examples involving “camels” and their familiarity to modern society, without the need for modification.
Preferences of the Commentators of al-Muqaddimah al-Jazuliyya for Grammatical Expressions in Its Manuscript Versions: A Critical Analytical Study
The study examines the preferences of the commentators on Al-Jazuli's "Al-Muqaddimah Al-Jazuliyyah" regarding the grammatical phrases used by Abu Musa Al-Jazuli in different versions of the text. It analyzes these preferences and evaluates them based on linguistic and grammatical evidence. The study reveals the depth of Al-Jazuli's expressions in some instances and the ambiguity of some phrases in others. The research showed that the most prominent commentator on the text is al-Shalubeen, whose interpretations of Al-Muqaddimah's expressions are closest to Al-Jazuli's intention. It also notes that some commentators followed al-Shalubeen`s interpretations quite closely Furthermore, the study highlights Al-Jazuli's occasional distinction through expressions that demonstrate his strong mastery of Arabic grammar. It observes the similarity of expressions across the various versions in some instances, while some expressions are more convincingly preferable in certain contexts. However, some of the preferences expressed by the commentators are open to further scrutiny, albeit rarely. The study also outlines the criteria used by the commentators to favor one version over another, with the primary focus on semantic accuracy and adherence to grammatical rules. The findings indicate that Al-Jazuli's expressions, in rare cases, allow for more than one interpretation, which reduces the strength of the preference for one version over another.
Dr. Abdul Aziz Sulaiman Abdul Aziz Al Mulhim
Refuting the Doubts and Suspicions Arising from the Almighty’s Statement: “Be! And it is” By the distinguished scholar Al-Shihāb al-Khafājī (d. 1069AH)
This research aims to uncover an important heritage treatise that has long remained obscure, written by the scholar Shihab Al-Din Ahmed ibn Mohammed ibn Omar Al-Khafaji (977–1069 AH / 1569–1659), entitled: Refuting the Doubts and Misconceptions Regarding the Phrase of the Almighty: "كن فيكون" "Kun Fayakūn""Be! And it is ". This treatise, though modest in length, is of great significance and highly beneficial in its field. Al-Khafaji devoted it to defending the reading of Ibn Amir, who uniquely read fayakūn in the accusative (nasb) form in four places in the Holy Qur'an. This reading was exclusive to Ibn Amir among the seven canonical reciters. However, this reading was criticized by some by some claiming that it contradicts the rules and structure of the Arabic language. Shihab In response, Al-Khafaji's treatise affirms the authenticity and validity of this reading both in narration (riwaya) and analysis (diraya), providing a detailed defense against criticisms, refuting objections with clear arguments, and supporting its validity with evidence from leading linguistic scholars, as well as from classical Arabic poetry and prose. He carefully demonstrates that this reading aligns perfectly with grammatical rules and principles, citing various syntactic interpretations and justifications provided by its proponents—who are numerous. Throughout his discussion, Al-Khafaji employs logical reasoning, linguistic analysis, and compelling evidence. Moreover, he also addresses the alternative nominative (raf‘) reading of fayakūn in the same Qur'anic contexts. In fact, he begins his treatise by explaining its valid grammatical interpretations before turning to his defense of the accusative form reading.
Prof. Ayman Al-Sayyid Ahmad Bayoumi Al-Jundi
The Semantics of Words among Linguists and Exegetes: Approaches and Objectives
This research is concerned with the semantics of words and their connection to the exegesis of the Holy Quran, which takes on a dimension that cannot be overlooked or ignored, namely the religious or legal dimension. It is a complex dimension that requires all of us to analyze some of its main features, and to determine the difference between the task of the linguist and the task of the exegete, while recalling some of the overlooked data, and clarifying some concepts related to approaches and objectives and reminding of their importance. The research adopted the descriptive method, with the help of the comparative approach, to reach the targeted results, the most important of which were: The research determined that everything said in the field of phonetic meaning by al-Khalil, Sebawaih, Ibn Jinni and others is based on personal thoughts and psychological suggestions, a notion that lacks a solid foundation, which led to differing views on phonetic semantics. The research revealed the reasons related to the semantics of words and their effect on the difference in exegeses, the research also identified some of the reasons for the semantic deviation in the interpretation of the verses of the Holy Qur’an resulting from immersion in philosophical and logical theories or sectarian tendencies or otherwise. The research recommends paying more attention to the study of the semantics of words from this interdisciplinary aspect, and identifying semantic deviations, whether related to linguistic, syntactic, or Sharia-based meanings.
The literature of environmental (ecological) discourse in the Saudi novel: A Poetic Study of the Novel (Tears of Sand) as a Case Study
This study examines ecological themes in Saudi literature, focusing on Shutaywi Al-Ghaythi’s novel Tears of the Sand. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, it explores how the novel integrates environmental elements—nature, place, humans, and animals—through literary techniques such as the poetics of time, description, and narrative focalization. Findings show that Al-Ghaythi skillfully merges ecological awareness with aesthetic expression, using the desert setting and historical context to enhance both narrative depth and artistic value. The study recommends applying ecological perspectives more broadly in literary criticism of Saudi and Arab novels and encourages writers to explore the interplay between environmental content and literary form to inspire creativity and enrich literary appreciation.
The Semantic Plot in the Qur’anic Story of Moses and Al-Khidr: A Model Study
The research aims to explore a criterion of contemporary linguistic theory, which is the semantic plot in the story of Moses with Al-Khidr - peace be upon them - as a model. The semantic plot means the sequential connection of textual components, through means that play a role in the cohesion of the text and make it a cohesive unit, including: semantic relationships, contextual factors, and the overall semantic structure. The study concluded that the pattern of elaboration following generalization is clearly evident in the story of Moses and Al-Khidr, and that this has brought about a high degree of engagement between the recipient and the text of the story, and also created semantic cohesion regarding making the recipient link the subsequent detail in his mind with the previous generalization, and created a concomitant relationship between the story parts, supporting it semantically and creating a sequential connection to its events. Semantic relationships contribute to the coherence of the story, while causal relations add a sequential dimension: each action produces a result governed by logical connections. The context played a role in the plot, because it enabled the reader to understand the story and connect its events and detect its semantic coherence. This study recommends paying attention to other theoretical textual criteria, and explaining their roles in the coherence of texts.
Departing from the Principles of Quantity and Relevance in Question–Answer Agreement in Al-Ayni’s Commentary “Umdat al-Qari”: A Pragmatic and Argumentative Approach
This paper examines the departing from question–answer agreement in Al-Ayni’s interpretive commentary “Umdat al-Qari: Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari”. The study is based on the hypothesis that most dialogic discourses consist of paired questions and answers. Since answers are constructed in relation to the questions and depend on them structurally and semantically, they are expected to align with them in both form and meaning. Accordingly، deviation from this agreement occurs only for communicative or informative purposes intended by the responder and that is what Al-‘Ayni tried to clarify in his commentaries. The paper utilizes a pragmatic approach with all its techniques. It is divided into two sections: the first discusses deviation from the Maxim of Quantity, and the second examines deviation from the Maxim of Relevance.
The Sakt of Ḥafṣ in the Qurʾān: A Syntactic and Semantic Study
This study examines a specific type of pause in the Qurʾān, namely the sakt of Ḥafṣ ibn Sulaymān. Four saktāt transmitted from Imām Ḥafṣ through the Shāṭibiyyah have been identified. They occur in the following verses: (“Praise be to Allah, who has sent down upon His servant the Book and has not made therein any deviance — (1) Straight, to warn of severe punishment from Him, and to give good tidings to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a good reward”) (al-Kahf 1–2); (“And [mention] the Day when He will say, ‘Call My partners whom you claimed [to be so].’ Then they will call them, but they will not respond to them; and We shall place between them a barrier of destruction.”) (al-Kahf 52); (“And it will be said, ‘Who is an enchanter [to save him]?’”) (al-Qiyāmah 27); and (“No! Indeed, from their Lord, that Day, they will be partitioned.”) (al-Muṭaffifīn 15). Al-Shāṭibī gathered the saktāt of Ḥafṣ in Ḥirz al-Amānī wa-Wajh al-Tahānī, where he states: “And a gentle pause, without a full stop, is observed by Ḥafṣ On the alif of tanwīn in ‘ʿiwajan balā’ And on the nūn of ‘man rāq’ and (on) ‘marqadinā’ and In ‘bal rāna’; the rest maintain continuous recitation.” (al-Shāṭibiyyah, verse 66) This study addresses the grammatical, semantic, and linguistic dimensions of these four saktāt. It begins with an introductory section on Imām Ḥafṣ, followed by a clarification of the concepts of waqf and sakt, and then proceeds to analyze the Qurʾānic contexts in which the sakt of Ḥafṣ occurs.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Arabic Sciences
Phonetic Directions in the Text of al Shatibiyya: Reviewing and Analysis
This research examines the phonetic issues addressed in al-Shāṭibiyya, where al-Shāṭibī theorized aspects of Arabic phonological structure within the framework of Qur’anic recitation. The study clarifies the linguistic principles and standards on which he relied and compares his treatment of these issues with their corresponding discussions in Abū ʿAmr al-Dānī’s al-Taysīr fī al-Qirāʾāt al-Sabʿ, highlighting areas of supplementation and critique. A descriptive-analytical methodology is employed to analyze the variations among Qur’anic readers, the interpretations of grammarians and commentators, and the ways linguistic disagreement was used to justify and establish the accepted readings. The findings show that al-Shāṭibī possessed extensive linguistic competence—particularly in phonetics—demonstrated through his systematic use of authoritative linguistic sources. His approach in al-Shāṭibiyya reflects a coherent methodological structure that integrates phonetic analysis with the authentication of Qur’anic recitation. The study also identifies clear patterns of phonetic direction in the poem, underscoring his deliberate and reasoned treatment of sound structure. The research recommends further analytical studies of al-Shāṭibī’s linguistic methodology—especially in phonetics—as a rich model that bridges classical linguistic scholarship and the scientific study of Qur’anic readings, and encourages broader engagement with early sources to deepen understanding of phonological theory in the Arabic tradition.
Linguistic Methods between the Evaluations of Contemporary Scholars and the Standards of Linguistics
Contemporary linguists have shown considerable interest in investigating the methodologies employed by early scholars in their description of the Arabic language system. This focus has produced a substantial body of research that revisits the approaches of classical grammarians and linguists, both analytically and critically, making such reevaluations a defining aspect of modern Arabic linguistic studies. As a result, numerous critiques have emerged, pointing to what are perceived as methodological limitations within the traditional study of Arabic. Given the abundance and variety of these critiques, there is a pressing need to reassess them through the lens of modern linguistic standards, which offer objective and rigorous criteria for evaluation. In the absence of such standards, however, many of these criticisms remain methodologically unsupported. This issue may be attributed, in part, to the scarcity and fragmented nature of classical texts that explicitly engage with methodological principles or trace the historical development of the discipline. Additionally, some contemporary evaluations have been shaped by linguistic theories developed for other languages, leading to judgments that compare Arabic to external models rather than applying the universal principles of linguistics to the study of human language as embodied in Arabic specifically. Accordingly, the core challenge addressed in this research lies in the widespread critique of early linguistic methodologies without adequate consideration of linguistic criteria or the unique structural and functional characteristics of the Arabic language—thereby underscoring the necessity of revisiting these evaluations with greater scholarly precision.
Dr. Saud bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Hussein Al Tamimi
الكلمات المفتاحية: حازم القرطاجني، كتاب منهاج البلغاء، البناء المنهجي، البلاغة، النقد. The Methodological Structure of Hazim Al Qartajani’s Book Minhaj Al Bulagha wa Siraj Al Udaba " The Method of the Eloquents and the Guide of the Literati " and Its Relation to Modern Critical Perspectives
Recent linguistic studies have increasingly revisited the methodologies of early Arabic scholars, resulting in numerous critiques that often lack solid linguistic grounding and overlook the distinctive nature of Arabic. In this context, Minhāj al-Bulaghāʾ wa Sirāj al-Udabāʾ by Ḥāzim al-Qarṭājānī emerges as a model of rigorous organization and rational inquiry. This research examines the methodological structure of the book to highlight its scholarly value within the history of Arabic linguistic thought. The study employs an inductive analytical approach, exploring the book’s composition through its title and authorial motives, structural divisions, technical terminology, deployment of textual evidence, and sources. The findings reveal that al-Qarṭājānī’s work is characterized by precise conceptual hierarchy, logical coherence, and methodological discipline that align closely with principles of modern critical theory. It demonstrates that classical scholarship, when examined through appropriate linguistic criteria, contains advanced methodological frameworks often overlooked by contemporary criticism. Accordingly, the research recommends a re-evaluation of early Arabic linguistic and critical methods using sound linguistic standards while recognizing the unique features of Arabic, with greater focus on exemplary works such as that of al-Qarṭājānī in advancing modern scholarship.
Self-Narrative Techniques in Literary Biography: A Study of al-Fat-h ibn Khaqan’s Qala`id al-`Iqyan
This study examines the narrative dimension in a major classical biographical source, namely al-Fat-h ibn Khaqan’s Qala`id al-`Iqyan wa-Maḥasin al-A`yan. Bin Khaqan delved into narrating the life stories of various notable Andalusian literary figures, placing them in different social contexts. Throughout the text, he intertwined his own life story alongside those he was narrating, offering a unique perspective on traditional literary biography practices. The study explores the connections between narratives and highlighting how the biographical narratives emerge from and reflect underlying social relationships. It also explores how the biographer incorporated his personal experiences, beliefs and viewpoints into the classification of social classes and depiction of various groups. The conclusion sheds light on the narrative, linguistic, and objective aspects of the biographies, autobiographer himself, and the individuals involved, contributing to a deeper understanding of recording biography in Arabic literary heritage.
The Use of Exclusionary Expressions in Pre-Islamic Poetry: A Study of Their Semantic Aspects
This article explores six patterns that express specific meanings that intended by the poets. These are as follows: First: negating the impossibility of loss or lapse. Second: negating the impossibility of attaining or reaching something. Third: negating the impossibility of stopping or refraining. Fourth: negating the impossibility of occurrence, the e Fifth: negating the impossibility of temporal attainment or lapse, and. Sixth: negating the impossibility of spatial attainment or loss Exclusionary expressions in pre-Islamic poetry were formulated using explicit and implicit conditional structures, the method of assumption & estimation, and both explicit and implicit negation. In addition to precedence and delay, the techniques of affirming through negation and negating through affirmation were used in expressing meanings in various forms. The answer to the condition often preceded the conditional part (verb). What stands for them, and among the rhetorical devices, we identified the implicit command, prohibition, and the interrogative, just as poets resorted to repeating evocative expressions and stylistic patterns. For various purposes, all of these devices, regardless of their differences, had psychological dimensions that expressed reflected the poet’s inner state and a persuasive argumentative function for the recipient, including despair, despair, distancing, and insistence.